Belize has a rich history starting with the Maya civilization, which thrived from 1500 BC to AD 1200. European contact began in 1502 with Christopher Columbus, and English settlers established a foothold in 1638. The region was contested by Spain and Britain, with Britain eventually prevailing in the Battle of St. George's Caye in 1798. Belize became a British colony in 1840, gained self-governance in 1964, and achieved full independence on September 21, 1981.

Belize is situated on the northeastern coast of Central America, bordered by Mexico to the north, Guatemala to the west and south, and the Caribbean Sea to the east. It features a diverse landscape of mountains, swamps, and tropical jungles, with the Maya Mountains dominating the south and limestone lowlands in the north.

The name "Belize" is believed to have derived from the Spanish pronunciation of the Scottish buccaneer Peter Wallace, who may have settled at the mouth of the Belize River around 1638. Another theory suggests it comes from the Mayan words "belix" (muddy water) or "belikin" (land facing the sea).

Belize has a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The coastal regions experience average temperatures ranging from 24°C (75°F) in January to 27°C (80.6°F) in July. Inland areas are slightly warmer, while the highlands remain cooler throughout the year.

The official currency of Belize is the Belize dollar (BZD). Two Belizean dollars are equal to one US dollar.

English is the official language of Belize, but many people also speak Belizean Creole, Spanish, and various Mayan languages. The diverse population results in a high degree of multilingualism.

Belize is in the Central Standard Time (CST) zone, which is UTC-6.

Belize experiences warm weather year-round with a distinct wet season from June to November and a dry season from December to May. Coastal temperatures are typically hot, ranging from 21°C to 32°C (70°F to 90°F), and the region is occasionally impacted by hurricanes.

Belize has a population of approximately 410,990 people. The ethnic composition includes Mestizos (about 37%), Creoles (25.2%), Mayans (10%), Garifuna (4.5%), and other groups including Europeans and East Indians.

Belize's economy is based primarily on agriculture, tourism, and services. Key agricultural products include sugar and bananas, and the country is also known for its fishing industry and export of seafood.

Rainfall in Belize varies significantly, with the northern and western regions receiving about 1,350 mm (53 inches) annually, while the southern areas can get over 4,500 mm (180 inches). The dry season lasts from January to April or May, with a shorter dry period in late July or August.

Belize is known for its September Celebrations, including Independence Day and St. George's Caye Day. The country also has a vibrant music scene featuring punta music, a mix of African and Caribbean rhythms. The diverse cultural heritage is reflected in its cuisine, festivals, and languages.

Belize's health care system includes both public and private services. Public health care is provided by the government and is available to all citizens at no or low cost. Private health care facilities are also available and offer a higher standard of care for a fee. Major hospitals are located in Belize City and Belmopan, with smaller clinics and health centers in rural areas.

Popular tourist attractions in Belize include the Belize Barrier Reef, which is ideal for snorkeling and diving; ancient Mayan ruins such as Caracol, Altun Ha, and Lamanai; the Blue Hole, a famous diving site; and the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary, known for its jaguar preserve. The beaches and cays, such as Ambergris Caye and Caye Caulker, are also major attractions.

The main modes of transportation in Belize include buses, taxis, and private vehicles. Domestic flights connect major towns and tourist destinations, while water taxis and ferries provide transportation to the islands and cays. The road network connects most parts of the country, although some rural areas may have limited access.

The national symbols of Belize include the Black Orchid (national flower), the Mahogany Tree (national tree), the Keel-Billed Toucan (national bird), and the Tapir or Mountain Cow (national animal). These symbols represent Belize's rich natural heritage and biodiversity.

Belize is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including jaguars, tapirs, howler monkeys, and various species of birds, reptiles, and marine life. The country's extensive protected areas, such as the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary and the Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System, help preserve its rich biodiversity.

The main industries in Belize include agriculture (sugar, bananas, citrus fruits), tourism, and fisheries. The country also has a growing offshore financial sector and produces small quantities of crude oil.

Traditional cultural practices in Belize include the Garifuna drumming and dance, the Maya Deer Dance, and various festivals such as the San Pedro Lobster Fest and the Toledo Cacao Festival. Belizean culture is a blend of influences from the Maya, Mestizo, Creole, Garifuna, and other ethnic groups.